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Roman Catholic Churches
Presbyterianism is a tradition shared by a large number of Christian denominations which is most prevalent within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity. Hallmarks include Calvinist theology and the Presbyterian form of church governance. It is the form of Calvinism which evolved primarily in Scotland before the Act of Union in 1707. Most of the few Presbyteries that were found in England can trace back to a Scottish connection. Modern Presbyterianism traces its institutional roots back to the Scottish Reformation. Local congregations are governed by Presbyteries made up of representatives of the local congregations, a councilor approach which is found at other levels of decision-making (Kirk Session and General Assembly). The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is a Christian church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus and spread by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter.